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About one-third of global CO2 fixation is mediated by the photosynthetic algal CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM). Engineering this mechanism into crops holds significant potential to substantially increase yields. The algal CCM is tightly regulated, ensuring efficient energy use and adaptation to environmental conditions. A deep understanding of its regulation will not only advance our knowledge of the global carbon cycle but also guide efforts to optimize engineered algal CCM for agricultural and ecological applications.